How to Write a Reflective Essay on Communication

Step by step instructions to Write a Reflective Essay on Communication Intelligent Essay on Communication Step by step instructions to begin Step by step instructions to compose the presentation Step by step instructions to make body sections Step by step instructions to complete the exposition: Conclusion composing Paper modification Framework test An intelligent paper on correspondence (Sample) An intelligent paper on correspondence rotates around the writer’s reflection on correspondence in essence, how they see it concerning their own understanding and perspective. Henceforth, its fundamental reason for existing is to educate the crowd about points of view, demeanor, and impression towards the current theme. One significant target behind such an article is to reveal insight into the generally fluctuated points of correspondence and how they all add to shape our life and blend it such that makes understandability and coherence inescapable. Step by step instructions to begin What do I think about this theme? Before you begin composing an ideal exposition, it is helpful to get some information about your insight about the theme. In this specific situation, I may ask myself: â€Å"What is correspondence? How might I characterize it? Does it have just a single definition? How can it identify with my own understanding? In not many words, I ought to ask myself the accompanying inquiry: Does this idea apply to my background and aptitudes? Does it have anything to do with my real practices? Be careful not to overlook those moment answers that strike a chord once your pose the basic inquiries since they will be required later on. What could the instructive reason behind this theme be? One could consider the open abilities they have gained from various social settings in order to enable the peruser to profit by significant and bona fide tips. The most effective method to compose presentation and proposal proclamation Coming up next are valuable tips on the most proficient method to ace the composition of a full presentation on correspondence: Pertinence It’s genuine that we should begin from the general to the particular, yet this doesn't imply that we should begin with how delightful Italian frozen yogurt is without demonstrating any importance to our subject correspondence. Hence, start from the significant general to arrive at the applicable explicit. Regard the dedication Composing a theory proclamation is such a commitment or responsibility. After composing it, the article author ought to be focused on the clarification and delineation of the central focuses referenced at a later stage. Notice your central focuses In the proposition articulation, I ought to declare that I am going to handle the methods for correspondence in the initial segment, correspondence from a social point of view in the second, and knowledge into the ideal ways for the securing of informative aptitudes helpful for different life undertakings in the third. Step by step instructions to form body sections Body passages in an intelligent paper on correspondence ought to be founded on the accompanying tips: Organization At the point when the peruser skims the exposition before perusing, they need to see that the passages are even, nobody ought to be excessively long or excessively short than the other. Reasonable substance All body passages ought to be clarified similarly; thoughts must be delineated completely. In other words, no passage ought to be given more concentration than the others. Congruity and appropriateness Make a point not to forget about data about how the subject applies to your experience. The equalization in the reflection on the subject utilizing individual experience would add to the congruity of the paper. The most effective method to complete the paper: Conclusion composing So as to complete an intelligent exposition in a right manner, one needs to watch these three principles: Think back . View what you have just written in each body passage to ensure that nothing significant is missing. Sum up . The author ought to give a concise synopsis that assembles all the central matters managed in the body without falling into subtleties and models. Connection the point to your self-improvement. In the end, you should specify how the correspondence implies you have utilized have sharpened your informative abilities and formed your self-awareness. Paper correction Another pair of eyes is helpful to examine your work. In this way, it could be a smart thought to solicit one from your cohorts to check on the off chance that it contains any spelling or sentence structure botches. Re-read the entire exposition so you ensure that you didn't miss the essence of the issue. Offer yourself a reprieve, and read the paper a second time with a new pair of eyes; you should alter a few structures thus. Layout test I.Introduction General presentation Proposal articulation II. Body Passage 1: methods for correspondence Passage 2: correspondence from a social point of view Passage 3: knowledge into the ideal ways for obtaining informative aptitudes III. End Brief rundown that connects every one of the three body components. An intelligent exposition on correspondence (Sample) Correspondence is the transmission of messages. It could show itself in different designs; it could be verbal, non-verbal, or composed. All things considered, the current exposition is going to concentrate on the methods for correspondence, correspondence from a social point of view, as it will give knowledge into the ideal ways for the procurement of informative abilities. The methods for correspondence have developed by and large as of late. In this line of figured, one couldn't choose not to see language as an assortment of complex semantic frameworks wired in the human mind or in database the board frameworks empowering fathomable association. Dialects could be characteristic or built; they all permit the transmission of thoughts for various purposes. The advancement of innovation and the vanishing of some normal dialects have offered ascend to numerous mechanical gadgets that confirmed the human-human cooperation and the human-machine interface. These days, PCs, cell phones, and tablets have arrived at their apex, as the progression of correspondence has become smoother and simpler. The cutting edge methods for correspondence, fundamentally the wide exhibit of utilizations, for example, Facebook and Skype have developed into most valuable instruments that assist us with staying aware of the pace of the 21st century. Correspondence is the methods by which interactants figure out how to voice their thoughts and well-spoken their interests inside a social setting. When socialization is brought to the scene, language is by all accounts called into play, in the long run. Individuals, as social individuals, will in general impart vis-à-vis, verbally, non-verbally, or through composition. In this manner, in a genuine social setting, thoughts could likewise be shared through paralinguistic prompts, for example, quiet, pitch, tone, motions, stances, and outward appearances. I have once told my companion that her brother’s fiancã ©e is lovely. Her reaction was as per the following: â€Å"Yeah, she is!†; when you read this answer, it may appear to be an affirmation on her part. Be that as it may, delving down into the social, phonetic, and human systems of correspondence, with the thought of the specific situation, one could comprehend that it was a mocking answer because of the paralinguistic highlights utilized. Along these lines, correspondence as a social instrument causes us reveal the genuine significance expected. Relational abilities could be procured. By and by, I have taken in a great deal from study hall introductions. At the point when the educator used to ask us who might want to take the following Powerpoint introduction, I have consistently had the mental fortitude to acknowledge. I saw that a considerable lot of my colleagues maintained a strategic distance from those introductions since they didn't have conversational abilities that would permit them to convey their thoughts in a useful manner. What I am talking about is that on the off chance that you don't impart all the more frequently in various social settings, you will never hone your informative abilities. On the off chance that you don't prepare yourself to adjust to various conversational circumstances, you won't defeat your bashfulness and humiliation. I likewise used to pose inquiries in universal gatherings, which invigorated my confidence and caused me to improve my scholarly informative capacities. To wrap up, today’s world has enlivened various methods for correspondence that are completely identified with language as the foundation of correspondence. It is likewise worth referencing that correspondence as a social instrument could be performed distinctively in different settings. Nonetheless, sharpening one’s social relational abilities must be done through constant practice in different discourse occasions, for example, gatherings and workshops.

Mental Jewelry free essay sample

Live, another band that has as of late surfaced on the music scene has discharged its first collection, Mental Jewelry. They remark on war, harmony, contamination and a common love all through mankind. Live isn't simply one more band with an excess of bass or verses that has neither rhyme nor reason. They join a beat that feels great to tune in to with verses that remark on the present issues of today, yet in addition the widespread issues of humankind. Lives style intently contrasts and R.E.M. be that as it may, without the ridiculousness of some of R.E.M.s work like Stand and Shiny Happy People. Live has incredible ability for creating extraordinary melodies. They compose every one of their melodies, uncommon in todays music world. Live shows their instrumental ability additionally in a portion of their performances. The main melody, Pain Lies on the Riverside, starts with a percussion solo. The message is that on the off chance that you are on the riverside, you are simply an onlooker of life trusting that something will transpire. We will compose a custom article test on Mental Jewelry or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Be that as it may, on the off chance that you are in the stream, you are getting things going and are in the standard. Another tune, Operation Spirit, questions Christianity. It asks, Does Jesus, a man who lived 2,000 years prior, mean anything to us today? What job (other than somebody to go to) does Jesus take in our regular day to day existences? None is their decision. The tune with the most significant message is Take My Anthem. It expresses that all individuals here and wherever are the equivalent in essence and there are no contrasts between them with the exception of the distinctions they make between themselves. So we as a whole should adore each other as though we were siblings. I feel this collection is an unquestionable requirement purchase. It contains provocative verses as well as has music between the overwhelming and the light. Its all inclusive thoughts of fraternity between the sum total of what men has been overlooked today and our disparities separate us instead of our similitudes uniting us. This is the reason Live is the band for the Nineties. n

Human resources Research Proposal Essay

Proposed Research Topic: A situational investigation of the job of Human Resource Management programs in creating competency mapping tests, preparing and improvement, examining nature of work life, and by and large representative mentalities. Purposes: In this task I will investigate the openings that Human Resource Departments in all extents of business disregard in deciding the best fit for their organizations. Specifically, I will investigate how competency mapping influences office productivity, enrolling, standards for dependability, and general worker fulfillment. Such an examination should give understanding into the operations of Human Resource Departments and open ways to ideas that are time and again ignored or not utilized related to different practices. Likewise, the examination will demonstrate the need for increasingly broad up-and-comer concentrate so as to enroll and hold the correct occupations for the correct representatives. Search Terms: * Competency Mapping * Training and Development * Quality of work life * Employee Attitude * Human Resources Management * Human Resources Development Articles: 1. Holland, P. †In Australia, an examination bunch has discovered that HR offices at different firms are designating assets towards a portion of an inappropriate territories inside their representative structure and need to concentrate them more on enrollment and maintenance. Expertise and work deficiencies prodded the starting of the examinations and found that all together for these Australian associations to contend both locally and universally they should allot the correct assets to the correct zones. 2. Levi, A. S. †In a quantitative report, responses of African Americans and Whites were noted to portray the consequences of Affirmative Action Programs (AAP) inside the HR office. Perspectives of AA has been blended obviously, yet application to four HR exercises including employing, advancements, preparing, and cutbacks demonstrated contrasting feelings exist while breaking down both propelled undergrad and MBA members responses. AA has every now and again made accessible contention in the work environment as uncalled for to non-recipient gatherings, particularly white guys, who naturally may oppose such practices. 3. Toh, S., Morgeson †In a quantitative report, scientists found that packaging HR rehearses instead of simply singular HR rehearses had a huge effect on affecting representative execution. Since representative execution is a multi-dimensional factor that incorporates capacity and inspiration, it just bodes well that pointing systems at various edges would expand reaction in workers. In view of results discovered, singular associations showed more grounded fitness and positive outcomes in their regarded HR group picked to concentrate on. 4. Naqvi, F. †Inside each business lays a Human Resource Department that is devoted to recruiting and holding the most capable workers for some random employment opportunity. The essential reason of competency mapping is finding the opportune individual for the correct activity, yet this is actually simply a glimpse of something larger. Because an applicant shows solid scholastic records and information doesn't fundamental inspire the best fit for said up-and-comer. Likewise, character testing can't be the sole methods for getting rid of up-and-comers, as they don't investigate the multi-dimensional angles that will be expected to effectively and effectively satisfy work desires and purposes.

Pharmacy is a health profession

Drug store is a wellbeing calling Part 1 The word is gotten from the Greek word pharmakon importance medication or medication and has been utilized since the fifteenth and seventeenth hundreds of years 1. Drug store is a wellbeing calling that joins the wellbeing sciences with the synthetic sciences. It guarantees the sheltered and compelling utilization of pharmaceutical medications. Drug store practice incorporates current administrations that are identified with human services: clinical administrations, giving medication data and evaluating prescriptions for wellbeing and adequacy purposes 1. 1.1.1 The different orders of Pharmacy Drug store can be isolated into three significant controls: a) Pharmaceutics b) Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy c) Pharmacy Practice Pharmacology is frequently viewed as a fourth order yet isn't explicit to drug store, despite the fact that it is fundamental. The limits between the various controls and different sciences like natural chemistry are not satisfactory cut. Consequently, examine work from the different orders is frequently done simultaneously 2. 1 The Hormone Shop LLC. The History of Pharmaceutical Compunding. [home page on the Internet]. 2010 [cited 2010 Oct 10]. Accessible from: http://www.thehormoneshop.com/historyofcompoundingpharmacy.htm 2 Dayanada Sagar College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India. History of Pharmacy. [home page on the Internet]. 2008 [cited 2010 Oct 10]. Accessible from: http://www.dscpharmacy.org/pharmacy.php 1.1.2 The Pharmacist and Community Pharmacy Drug specialists are talented and profoundly prepared medicinal services experts who guarantee ideal wellbeing results for their patients. In the network drug store, the drug specialist has different jobs and these incorporate among others (Azzopardi, 2010): a) the obtainment of drugs that are reasonable for human utilization b) guaranteeing the proper conditions for the capacity of medications c) guaranteeing the proper and safe removal of terminated meds d) apportioning of drugs that are either on a solution, or drug specialist suggested or requested legitimately by the patient e) purpose of-care testing f) offering general clinical guidance without the need of an earlier arrangement. The act of network drug store differs between nations. In any case, the fundamental capacities and obligations are the equivalent. A people group drug specialist constructs a unique relationship with the customers, particularly the ordinary ones. Subsequently, relational abilities are critical. The drug specialist discovers him/herself consoling and hearing out the patient when fundamental, and is relied upon to be understanding and furthermore a decent audience. 1.2 History of Pharmacy The primary drug stores, pharmacists as they were some time ago known, were established in the Middle Ages in Baghdad. The first was established in the year 754 AD by Muslim drug specialists during the Islamic Golden Age 2. During the eleventh century, network drug stores were built up in southern France and southern Italy. In 1240, Emperor Frederick II gave a declaration the clinical calling was to be isolated from the drug store calling. Drug store practice was to be managed with the goal that medications of an appropriate quality would be arranged and created (Azzopardi, 2010). The historical backdrop of drug store can be arranged into three phases: an) exacerbating and apportioning b) clinical drug store c) pharmaceutical consideration. Initially, the drug specialists needed to get ready and apportion meds so they needed to exceed expectations at exacerbating. The people group drug specialist was along these lines profoundly regarded in light of the fact that the readiness of meds was incredibly esteemed in the public arena. Truth be told, around then, the drug specialists and different experts, for example, legal advisors, clinical specialists and ward ministers were the pioneers in the network. As time passed, newfound medications turned out to be progressively hazardous and powerful so they began being set up by assembling organizations. The drug specialists job was uniquely to apportion these medications (Al-Shaqha, Zairi, 2001). 2 Dayanada Sagar College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India. History of Pharmacy. [home page on the Internet]. 2008 [cited 2010 Oct 10]. Accessible from: http://www.dscpharmacy.org/pharmacy.php Drug specialists moved to clinical practice around 25 years prior. The first idea of clinical drug store administrations depended on the way that drug specialists should utilize their expert information to guarantee the suitable and safe utilization of medications in patients. Subsequently, a few drug specialists these days work in medical clinics, nursing homes and some mobile centers. Issues stayed inside the medication use-framework regardless of the advances made in clinical drug store and archiving and perceiving these issues has prompted the idea of pharmaceutical consideration turning into the new reason for drug store practice (Al-Shaqha, Zairi, 2001). 1.2.1 History of drug store in Malta 1.2.1.1 History of drug store in Malta from the late fifteenth century until the appearance of the Knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in 1530 Prior to 1500, the drug specialists in Malta were practically all Sicilian. In the mid fifteenth century, drug specialists were utilized either by the Universita or by the Hospital of Santo Spirito. Mastru Salvatore Passa is the primary recorded drug specialist in Malta who rehearsed in Mdina and the Hospital of Santo Spirito in Rabat from 1450 to 1475. The medications recommended in those days were for the most part home grown. During this period, Passa regularly headed out to Sicily because of his work, apparently to import therapeutic herbs the same number of herbs didn't shape some portion of the nearby vegetation (Borg, 1998). 1.2.1.2 Pharmacy under the Knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem The Knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem showed up in Malta on the 26th October, 1530 and they applied their insight into drug store to the training in Malta. A Holy Infirmary in Birgu was constructed and the Greek drug specialist, Giacomo Gualterio, who had went with the Order to Malta was the pharmacist (Borg, 1998). Fabulous Master Nicholas Cottoner built up the School of Anatomy and Surgery at the Holy Infirmary in 1676. It is entirely likely that a Pharmacy course was built up in the school (Borg, 1998). Under the Knights, the act of drug store in Malta changed progressively, yet consistently, happening along these lines to that in Europe. Be that as it may, impromptu arrangements continued as before from the hours of Mastru Salvatore Passa in light of the fact that the extension of the pharmaceutical business despite everything needed to happen (Borg, 1998). 1.2.1.3 Pharmacy under the French and British provinces The French showed up in Malta in 1798. There were close to 32 drug stores under their domain, every one having a normal demographic of 3,000 patients. No progressions were made to the laws administering the act of drug store under the French. Subsequently, the day by day exercises of the drug specialists were indistinguishable from those of under the Knights. The laws set up by the Knights of the Order of St. John stayed in power until 1900. In their stay in Malta, which went on for around one hundred years, the British left their blemish on the drug store calling. The utilization of the English language, the names of drug stores relating to Britain or England and the counseling room in the drug store are generally such models (Borg, 1998). 1.2.1.4 Pharmacy in the twentieth century The Medical and Kindred Professions Ordinance of the Laws of Malta, oversees drug store laws. This was sanctioned in 1900 as the laws administering the calling around then had become obsolete and required rebuilding. An enactment that permitted drug specialists to apportion certain medicaments without a solution was authorized in October 1955 and on the twelfth October 1955, a rundown of these substances was distributed in the Malta Government Gazette (Borg, 1998). The Malta Chamber of Pharmacists was established in 1900 so as to ensure the regular interests of the drug specialists and furthermore to keep up the callings pride. Subsequently, the callings principles were raised by empowering the calling to stay up to date with the progressions that were happening universally (Borg, 1998). In April 1961, an Extraordinary General Meeting was held by the Chamber to examine the issue of shaping a Trade Union that would speak to drug specialists; every one of the 33 drug specialists present concurred this was essential. One of the Unions goals, among others, was to improve the conditions under which the calling was practiced and to advance the interests of drug specialists. The Pharmacy Board was set up in 1968 and this was the best accomplishment of the Chamber and Union. The Union worked intimately with the Chamber and in 1979 they shaped one affiliation, for example the Chamber of Pharmacists Trade Union. This affiliation buckled down and it influenced the present condition of the calling and furthermore the enactment administering the act of drug store (Borg, 1998). In 1984, after a few gatherings with the Chamber, it was at long last concluded that new drug stores should be possessed by drug specialists and that before conceding new allows, the populace proportion must be contemplated (Borg, 1998). Patients could get their free drugs from the Central Hospital Dispensary and Government Dispensaries all through the initial fifty years of the twentieth century. The last could be found in many towns around Malta. In 1954, the Central Hospital at Floriana was transformed into the Headquarters of The Malta Police Force as by the late 1940s, St. Lukes Hospital became Maltas General Hospital. Consequently, the Out-Patient Dispensary of St. Lukes Hospital turned into the Central Government Dispensary (Borg, 1998). Pharmamed, the main nearby pharmaceutical venture, was established in 1974. This offered ascend to a few openings for work in the modern field, other than upgrading Maltas picture abroad. In 1995, because of solid and predictable exchanges and portrayals by the Maltese Chamber of Pharmacists, there was the arrangement of the main chief of the Government Pharmaceutical Services (GPS). This was a piece of the change of the GPS and the vocation movement of drug specialists in Government administration. It was closed in 1998 in concurrence with the Ministry of Health on the full usage of t

Macbeth Essays (1340 words) - Characters In Macbeth, Macbeth

Macbeth MacBeth - This dead butcher and his beast like sovereign, is the manner by which Malcolm depicts Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Portray the manner by which these two characters changed over the span of the play. Toward the start of the play Macbeth is viewed as a gutsy officer who is faithful to the King yet is ruined from the witches predictions and by his and Lady Macbeth's aspiration. This is a result of the shortcoming of Macbeth's character and the solid intensity of Lady Macbeth and how she is effectively ready to impact him. Her quality propels him toward the beginning yet after he understands what he has done it is himself that proceeds in his lethal, bleeding way. At the start of the play Lady Macbeth shows up as a thoughtful spouse of Macbeth's be that as it may, underneath lies a conspiring and tricky lady. In the start of the play Macbeth is a solid trooper who battles for the King without benevolence however his make progress toward aspiration and his inquisitive nature drives him to the witches who give him a prescience. Banquo understands that there must be a stunt covered up in the witches predictions some place yet Macbeth won't acknowledge that, and when Lady Macbeth gets some answers concerning the witches her powerful urge for desire and her chilly nature drives Macbeth adrift. Macbeth is somewhat driven from the outset, however Lady Macbeth's far surpasses his thus she can get Macbeth to concur with her to murder King Duncan. Macbeth despite everything has a still, small voice at this stage since he is extremely reluctant about executing the Ruler however his powerless nature over comes him. He has an inner voice all through the whole play as this is seen by the mental trips of the blade and the apparition of Banquo and his clear creative mind and his steady concern likewise incites him. This is additionally clear in his horrible dreams which gives the strong topic that he has surely killed rest. All through the play we see the character of Macbeth change not from simply the manner in which he thinks and what we get notification from the play, yet from the moves he makes in the play, from slaughtering Banquo, at that point having Woman Macduff and her kids killed, shows the instability that was present in Macbeth. After the homicide of Duncan Macbeth becomes neurotic and his initial step of executing the gatekeepers is one of numerous that Macbeth takes to make sure about himself. Macbeth is likewise extremely odd furthermore, this is indicated when he accepts the prescience the witches let him know that Banquo's posterity would become Kings. Towards the finish of the play when Macbeth's significant other has kicked the bucket and the fight is moving nearer Macbeth gives some great which may have been. He wants for an ordinary life for which he would have lived to an respectable age however he perceives that he has prevented himself from claiming this. In any event, when Macbeth hears that the prediction has gotten valid for Birnam Wood coming to Dunsinane, he dismisses this thought and battles on until he understands that Macduff wasn't conceived in a characteristic birth yet rather was Troublesome tore from his mom's belly. At the point when Macbeth knows about this he understands what he has done and how he has been deceived by the witches yet rather he understands that it is pointless thus he battles on just to be killed. Macbeth can be summed up into a character albeit solid truly he is exceptionally powerless intellectually and it is this shortcoming which causes the ruin and change of Macbeth. Different components do notwithstanding likewise add to this change, for example, his significant other whose desire is very solid from the start and is significantly more grounded intellectually than Macbeth however it is likewise Macbeth's aspiration and his trust in the witches which at last change him. Woman Macbeth is by all accounts practically inverse contrasted with that of Macbeth in physical and mental force. Woman Macbeth is the individual who can convince Macbeth into executing Duncan, guaranteeing Macbeth that it will succeed, as Lady Macbeth's aspiration is far more prominent than that of Macbeth. This adjustment in the character of Lady Macbeth is evident after she peruses the letter from Macbeth as she proceeds to converse with the fiendish spirits to make

Mass Hysteria Is a Dangerous Form of Groupthink

Mass Hysteria Is a Dangerous Form of Groupthink Phobias Print Mass Hysteria Is a Dangerous Form of Groupthink By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on November 25, 2019 Tom M Johnson/Getty Images More in Phobias Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that occurs when a group forms a quick opinion that matches the group consensus, rather than critically evaluating the information. Mass hysteria can be seen as an extreme example of groupthink. Groupthink seems to occur most often when a respected or persuasive leader is present, inspiring members to agree with his or her opinion. Groupthink is sometimes positive but is more often seen in a negative light, particularly in the U.S. and other countries that value individual opinion. The History of Groupthink Groupthink is most often associated with business, politics, and policymaking, but it also relates to the psychology of collective phobias and mass hysteria. The term groupthink was coined in the early 1970s by psychologist Irving L. Janis. In 1972, Janis published his book Victims of Groupthink: A Psychological Study of Foreign-Policy Decisions and Fiascoes. Janis defines groupthink as a psychological drive for consensus at any cost that suppresses dissent and appraisal of alternatives in cohesive decision-making groups. Janis identified eight symptoms of groupthink, which included illusions of invulnerability, self-censorship, and direct pressure. Janis blamed groupthink for such political fiascos as the Bay of Pigs invasion, the failure to prepare for the attack on Pearl Harbor, the escalation of the Vietnam War, and the Watergate coverup. Scholars have gone on to blame such later events as the decision to launch the doomed space shuttle Challenger, the Iran-Contra affair, and the Enron scandal on groupthink. Groupthink and Mass Hysteria Its believed that groupthink increases as group cohesiveness increases. This may help to explain the psychological phenomenon of mass hysteria. Mass hysteria is also known as epidemic hysteria, mass psychogenic illness, and mass sociogenic illness. According to a 1997 review of research by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, mass hysteria is a constellation of symptoms suggestive of organic illness, but without an identifiable cause, that occurs between two or more people who share beliefs related to those symptoms. Its seen as a social phenomenon involving otherwise healthy people. Some psychologists believe mass hysteria is a form of groupthink. In cases of mass hysteria, the group members all develop a common fear that often spirals into a panic. The group members feed off each others emotional reactions, causing the panic to escalate. The Salem witch trials and the panic over the War of the Worlds radio broadcast can be viewed as examples of mass hysteria related to groupthink. A widely publicized case of possible mass hysteria occurred in 2011 in upstate New York  when teenage girls from the same high school began exhibiting an unexplained twitching disorder.

4 Ways to Boost Your 529 Without Going Broke

Most people are proud of themselves for saving anything for college, but have you thought about tucking away even more for your child's future college costs? The annual State of College Savings survey by the College Savings Foundation in Washington, D.C., discovered that 14 percent of parents who responded are putting more money aside for educational expenses this year than last year. Take a look at the increases: 24 percent say they are saving between 10 percent and 15 percent more than last year, up from 5 percent in 2009. 17 percent say they are saving between 15 percent and 20 percent more than last year, up from 11 percent in 2009. "Families are saving more, particularly for college," says Peter Mazareas, chairman of the College Savings Foundation. The foundation's survey queried about 800 parents in different income brackets across the country. "Those who have a dedicated savings vehicle -- whether a 529 plan or some other -- save significantly more." Alan Goldfarb, a Certified Financial Planner at Weaver Wealth Management in Dallas, says those outcomes are a bit surprising, considering the economic times. "I guess they're finally paying attention to the fact that these costs are escalating," he says. Families understand that they can't rely on scholarships or loans to completely cover their child's education, Mazareas says. Another factor may be a response to the recent loss of savings during the recession. "In order to make up for the losses ï ¿ ½ they've had to put more away," Goldfarb says. "But it also is a balance between what they can do for their own retirement versus what they can afford to put away for their child's education." Mazareas says retirement is the most essential bucket, when it comes to saving for the future. But the "next major investment decision should be saving for college if they have kids," he says. If your financial picture has improved or if you've decided to cut back to put more into 529 plan, here are three ways you could boost your college savings contributions by 15 to 20 percent in a year. Evaluate new potential saving each year Most people are putting more money into their 529 accounts on a regular basis -- either once a month or once a quarter, and those increases are adding up. Say you've been contributing $50 a month, or $600 a year. If you add just $10 more a month to your 529 savings, that's $120 a year, and a 20 percent increase. Every year, re-evaluate where you are with your savings, but at the same time, try to increase it through any new discretionary income. "Do it systematically as opposed to writing out a check once a year, which people somehow don't do," Mazareas says. It depends on "how much water one wants to wring out of the sponge in their monthly budget," to save for education, says Larry Rosenthal, president of Financial Planning Services in McLean, Va. Ask yourself if what you're spending is a necessity or a lifestyle choice -- such as buying coffee every day on the way to work. Invite others to invest If you don't have the money available, grandparents, family members and close friends may be able to increase the value of your 529 plan by 15 to 20 percent, with small contributions. Older family members who are re-evaluating their dollars and priorities also might want to give a larger gift, which could boost your 529 account. Or, they could open their own. "Every time there's a family function or affair, whether a birthday or anniversary or Christmas, instead of giving the usual electronic junk, how about putting something into a college fund? Have your relatives contribute as opposed to giving iPods and underwear," Goldfarb says. Change the flow of money If your company is no longer matching your 401(k), you could choose to move some of the money you would be putting into that account into a 529 plan or other college savings investment. Some people have reduced their contributions and directed that money to education, Goldfarb says. "People didn't all of a sudden make more money. They just had to redirect the money," he says. Increase your risk cautiously You can try to maximize your returns with a higher risk investment option, but you run a higher risk that the investment may go south, says Joe Hurley, founder of Savingforcollege.com. Most families do not want to take on a lot of risk with their 529 plan because if their college savings account does not perform, they're going to be short of money when it comes to paying for college, he says. "College savings tends to be the more conservative part of the overall portfolio," Hurley says. "Really you should not be striving to get a 15 percent return unless you can really afford to take a loss, if that happens. Most families are not in that position." Rosenthal says the closer you are to the college years, the more conservative your dollars need to be positioned. Posted November 12, 2010 Most people are proud of themselves for saving anything for college, but have you thought about tucking away even more for your child's future college costs? The annual State of College Savings survey by the College Savings Foundation in Washington, D.C., discovered that 14 percent of parents who responded are putting more money aside for educational expenses this year than last year. Take a look at the increases: 24 percent say they are saving between 10 percent and 15 percent more than last year, up from 5 percent in 2009. 17 percent say they are saving between 15 percent and 20 percent more than last year, up from 11 percent in 2009. "Families are saving more, particularly for college," says Peter Mazareas, chairman of the College Savings Foundation. The foundation's survey queried about 800 parents in different income brackets across the country. "Those who have a dedicated savings vehicle -- whether a 529 plan or some other -- save significantly more." Alan Goldfarb, a Certified Financial Planner at Weaver Wealth Management in Dallas, says those outcomes are a bit surprising, considering the economic times. "I guess they're finally paying attention to the fact that these costs are escalating," he says. Families understand that they can't rely on scholarships or loans to completely cover their child's education, Mazareas says. Another factor may be a response to the recent loss of savings during the recession. "In order to make up for the losses ï ¿ ½ they've had to put more away," Goldfarb says. "But it also is a balance between what they can do for their own retirement versus what they can afford to put away for their child's education." Mazareas says retirement is the most essential bucket, when it comes to saving for the future. But the "next major investment decision should be saving for college if they have kids," he says. If your financial picture has improved or if you've decided to cut back to put more into 529 plan, here are three ways you could boost your college savings contributions by 15 to 20 percent in a year. Evaluate new potential saving each year Most people are putting more money into their 529 accounts on a regular basis -- either once a month or once a quarter, and those increases are adding up. Say you've been contributing $50 a month, or $600 a year. If you add just $10 more a month to your 529 savings, that's $120 a year, and a 20 percent increase. Every year, re-evaluate where you are with your savings, but at the same time, try to increase it through any new discretionary income. "Do it systematically as opposed to writing out a check once a year, which people somehow don't do," Mazareas says. It depends on "how much water one wants to wring out of the sponge in their monthly budget," to save for education, says Larry Rosenthal, president of Financial Planning Services in McLean, Va. Ask yourself if what you're spending is a necessity or a lifestyle choice -- such as buying coffee every day on the way to work. Invite others to invest If you don't have the money available, grandparents, family members and close friends may be able to increase the value of your 529 plan by 15 to 20 percent, with small contributions. Older family members who are re-evaluating their dollars and priorities also might want to give a larger gift, which could boost your 529 account. Or, they could open their own. "Every time there's a family function or affair, whether a birthday or anniversary or Christmas, instead of giving the usual electronic junk, how about putting something into a college fund? Have your relatives contribute as opposed to giving iPods and underwear," Goldfarb says. Change the flow of money If your company is no longer matching your 401(k), you could choose to move some of the money you would be putting into that account into a 529 plan or other college savings investment. Some people have reduced their contributions and directed that money to education, Goldfarb says. "People didn't all of a sudden make more money. They just had to redirect the money," he says. Increase your risk cautiously You can try to maximize your returns with a higher risk investment option, but you run a higher risk that the investment may go south, says Joe Hurley, founder of Savingforcollege.com. Most families do not want to take on a lot of risk with their 529 plan because if their college savings account does not perform, they're going to be short of money when it comes to paying for college, he says. "College savings tends to be the more conservative part of the overall portfolio," Hurley says. "Really you should not be striving to get a 15 percent return unless you can really afford to take a loss, if that happens. Most families are not in that position." Rosenthal says the closer you are to the college years, the more conservative your dollars need to be positioned. Posted November 12, 2010

US Postal Service Mail Holding Service Online Request

You spent months planning the perfect vacation. The bags are packed, the car is loaded, and the dog is in the kennel. But what about having days of mail stacking up in your mailbox where robbers and identity thieves might get their hands on it? No problem. Go online and have the  U.S. Postal Service  (USPS) hold your mail while youre gone.   The USPSs Hold Mail service offers postal customers the option of having their mail held for from three to 30 days quickly and easily. Francia G. Smith, former USPS vice president and consumer advocate, assured customers when the program was introduced that their mail is one thing they dont need to worry about while enjoying their trip: When you go on vacation, the last thing you need is to be concerned about the safety of your mail while youre away. Our Hold Mail Service addresses this issue almost effortlessly. This service represents our continued commitment to increasing customer access—making it easier and more convenient for customers to use the Postal Service when and where they need to. You can request USPS Hold Mail services up to 30 days in advance of the day you want it to start or as early as the next scheduled delivery day. You should request your mail holding start date by 3 a.m. EST (2 a.m. CT or 12 a.m. PST) on your requested day, Monday through Saturday. However, to prevent an unauthorized person from requesting a hold on your mail, USPS now requires customer verification through the Informed Delivery program. If you have not already created an account, your request could take up to one extra week, so you should plan accordingly, the Post Office advises. Once your identity has been created, you wont have to repeat the process the next time you want to hold your mail. The Informed Delivery program also allows customers to digitally monitor their mail while it is on hold. If you are going to be away from home for more than 30 days or if you are making a long-term move, you can also set up temporary or permanent USPS Mail and Package Forwarding Services. If you are making a permanent move, you can also use the forwarding service to update your official address. If you are just moving temporarily, you can use the Postal Service’s mail and package forwarding service for a period as short as 15 days or as long as one year. After the first six months, you can extend it for another six months. If you get your mail at a Post Office box it is not necessary to use the Hold Mail service since mail at P.O. boxes is allowed to accumulate for 30 days. How to Do It After you get online, just  go to the Postal Service home page. In the menu under Track Manage at the top of the page, click on the Hold Mail menu option.   Youll be asked to enter your delivery address information and the dates on which you want the Postal Service to start and stop holding your mail.   At the end of the mail holding request process, youll be given a  confirmation number so that you can modify the request if you come home early or decide you want to stay on vacation longer. The online service electronically notifies your local Post Office, and all of your mail will be held for the time specified and delivery is resumed on the requested date. You can either pick up your mail at the Post Office or have it delivered to your home where it is typically sent. You can have a third party pick up your Hold Mail if you provide written permission to the Post Office location where the mail will be retrieved. The person picking up the mail will have to provide proper identification. You have 10 days from the end of the hold period to retrieve your mail or it will be marked Return to Sender. Request by Telephone   You can also request the USPSs mail holding service over the phone by calling toll-free  1-800-ASK-USPS and following the menu options.

Tail and Tale - Commonly Confused Words

The words tail and tale are homophones: they sound the same but have different meanings. Both a noun and a verb, tail has several meanings, including the rear part of an animal or vehicle. The noun tale refers to a report or story. Examples: A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way.(Mark Twain)I used small words and short sentences as if I were telling a fairy tale to a child.(Maya Angelou,  The Heart of a Woman. Random House, 1981)Memphis is a sad story of long-distance love, with an unexpected twist at the tail end of the tale.(Fred Rothwell, Long Distance Information: Chuck Berrys Recorded Legacy. Music Mentor Books, 2001) Practice: (a)  Kevin told a wonderful _____ about an angel who falls in love with a girl and then becomes human so that he can be with her.(Christopher Pike, The Midnight Club, 1991)(b) A dog wags its _____ with its heart. Answers (a)  Kevin  told a wonderful  tale  about an angel who falls in love with a girl and then becomes human so that he can be with her.(Christopher Pike,  The Midnight Club, 1991)(b) A dog wags its  tail  with its heart. See also: Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words   A Misspelled Tail, by Elizabeth T. Corbett

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair - 651 Words

This book is called The Jungle. The Author or this book goes by the name of Upton Sinclair. The Jungle was published on February 26, 1906. Upton Sinclair is an American author with almost 100 books which are based on many different genres. Sinclair is a journalist, novelist, as well as a political activist. Sinclair is most famous for this book. The Jungle is a novel that is based on the disgusting conditions of the US meatpacking industry, and the hardships of the labor that immigrant men and women have to go through to scrap by with bare minimum pay from their employers. The Jungle is set in the early 1900’s in the industrialized city of Packingtown, Chicago. This book first starts with some background information about Jurgis and his extended family of twelve, and how they got to America. Ironically they are coming to America to get out of their home country of Lithuania and live the â€Å"American Dream†. This takes a turn for the worst. Jurgis is a determined, hard working man who does not want to do anything else other than support his family the best that he possibly can. This book starts out with a traditional Lithuanian wedding. Jurgis is getting married to a woman named Ona, who is portrayed throughout the whole book as being a big push-over, and the type of woman that is very easy to take advantage of. Even though Jurgis and his wife Ona are on a low budget pay, they had a great financed wedding to say the least. Jurgis promises to pay everything back over theShow MoreRelatedThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair1526 Words   |  7 Pagessocietal and government reforms did â€Å"The Jungle† call for. Do you feel this novel was effective in bringing about any of these reforms. â€Å"The Jungle†, written by Upton Sinclair, is an astonishing novel informing readers about the devastating truths involving impoverished life in America, particularly Chicago. This novel gives the reader an inside look into to the struggles of numerous European immigrants as they ventured to America during the early 1900 s. Sinclair depicts the disturbing and emotionalRead MoreThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair986 Words   |  4 PagesThe life of Jurgis Rudkus, from the novel The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, shares many parallels to the life of the working class in American society during the period 1865 to 1910. that limits the freedom of the working class. Even though it is stated on paper that working class citizens such as Jurgis are equals and just as free as the upper-class citizens, society limited the the freedom of the working class. People like Jurgis are not truly â€Å"free† because the social and political forces at the timeRead MoreThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair 1155 Words   |  5 Pages8/10/17 The Jungle By Upton Sinclair Book Review The working conditions in the US in the 20th  century were diffcult since workers had to struggle to survive on the daily bases.The Jungle written by Upton Sinclair does not only highlight the life of American workers but also uncovers the infleunce of capitalism in the US, where workers and employees were destined to fight for a living, while the upper-class reaped the benefits of national wealth.The Jungle gives many examples of theRead MoreThe Jungle by Upton Sinclair1400 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the major issues Sinclair addresses in The Jungle? The Jungle by Upton Sinclair is a vivid account of life for the working class in the early 1900s. Jurgis Rudkus and his family travel to the United States in search of the American dream and an escape from the rigid social structure of Lithuania. Instead, they find a myriad of new difficulties. Sinclair attributes their problems to the downfalls of capitalism in the United States. While America’s system was idealistic for Jurgis and hisRead MoreThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair1210 Words   |  5 PagesThe Jungle by written by Upton Sinclair Book Report This report is based upon the book The Jungle, written by Upton Sinclair. This book was published by The Jungle Publishing Co. New York in 1906. Introduction of Author: Upton Sinclair was born on September 20, 1878, in Baltimore, Maryland. He belonged to a family off southern aristocracy but once Sinclair was born, his family went into poverty. Sinclair was a very smart boy and graduated from high school at the age of fourteen to go on and attendRead MoreThe Jungle by Upton Sinclair 792 Words   |  3 PagesCritics often argue that Upton Sinclair, author of many classic American novels including The Jungle, was cynical and bitter even. However if one were to dig just a bit deeper they may realize that Sinclair was spot on in his idea that this â€Å"American dream† that our country sells is actually a work of fiction. In his book The Jungle, Sinclair, points out the flaws of the American dream. Many immigrants traveled thousands of miles aboard, cramped, disease infested, ships with hope of coming to thisRead MoreThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair1260 Words   |  6 Pages The Jungle by Upton Sinclair was published in 1906. After reading two-hundred and ninety-four pages, it is evident that humans have been shaping the world over time and the world has been shaping us as well. A lot has changed since the industrial revolution, the time frame in which this novel takes place. Our food industries have improved, money value has risen, and job opportunities have expanded. Throughout The Jungle the reader follows an immigrant family on their journey of hardships andRead MoreThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair937 Words   |  4 PagesThe Jungle, by Upton Sinclair and Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, by Frederick Douglass both bring forth personal or fictional events that capture t he interest of the the reader. The use of pathos in their writing along with true events questions the ethics, morality, and human rights of each individual at the time setting for the publication. In the book, The Jungle, Upton Sinclair advocates for the overall elimination of oppression and exploitation of workers andRead MoreThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair1334 Words   |  6 Pages1900s there were already more than 10 million immigrants living in America. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle reveals the struggles and hardships of a family that immigrated to the United States from Lithuania during the 1900s. Although many immigrant families came to America in search of a better life, soon most found themselves barely surviving with no job, food, shelter, or money. As is the case of the family in The Jungle. The novel not only unveils the corruption of the political and economic systemRead MoreThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe Jungle â€Å"I aimed at the public s heart and by accident I hit in the stomach (Upton Sinclair).† Upton Sinclair originally intended to expose the horrible conditions faced by immigrants as they tried to survive in Chicago s Meat-Packing District in his 1904 novel â€Å"The Jungle.† Sinclair’s book created fear and anger in the public which would lead to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act of 1906. The Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 (FMIA)is a law that makes it a crime to adulterate or misbrand

Essay on The Media Violence Debate - 3490 Words

THE MEDIA VIOLENCE DEBATE Introduction Television and video games are favorite ways teenagers spend their leisure hours. Parents and teens themselves have wondered about their effects because of numerous concerns raised with regards to the negative influences that these form of entertainment bring. Many of today’s children grow up with a television at home or even in their own rooms and there have been studies dedicated to the analysis of their impact of a young child growing up to adolescence. Young children are heavily influenced by television and video games, many of which are educational. While there are fun educational shows and games that benefit educational†¦show more content†¦How the contents or messages come through changes the attitude of the viewers or readers. The messages that each kind of media exposes are dependent on person’s view. He compares movies and television in their manner of viewing and content saying that the visual presentation presents different types of influences. Medi a as a vessel of influential messages is an essential point to consider to every person who is into the broadcast and print industry. Video Games Violence Video games are a lucrative business anywhere in the world today, claiming US$ 10 billion in sales in the United States alone in one year. However, with this increasing sales come serious concerns about their effects on players, especially teenagers. Researches have been conducted to show the effects of video games on teenagers. Results prove that there is indeed a high possibility and likelihood of aggressive and violent behaviors to be manifested in some adolescents who frequently play violent video games. With these findings, public policy options for limiting distribution of these kind of games are being created; however, the creation and spread of more video games seem too many too stop. In 2006, the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) reported their findings on studies conducted on teenagers who play violent games. These young adolescents show long-lasting effects of abnormal brain functions which includeShow MoreRelatedFor years there’s been a contended d ebate on whether or not violence in the media harms children.800 Words   |  4 PagesFor years there’s been a contended debate on whether or not violence in the media harms children. On television, thousands of murders are being broadcasted to children who are in Elementary School, they are witnesses to hundreds of thousands acts of murder and general violence. In Media Now, ethics come to play and discussions regarding the question who is truly responsible for media effects comes into play? Watching too much violent TV and playing too many violent video games takes a toll on childrensRead MoreNature Versus Nurture Research Essay: Violent Behavior1007 Words   |  4 Pagesnurture debate is an ongoing debate among social scientists relating to whether ones personality/personal characteristics are the result of his/her inherited genetic traits or the result of environmental factors such as upbringing, social status, financial stability, and more. One of the topics that are discussed among psychologists is the study of violent behavior among people as a whole, and in particular, individuals. Social scientists try to explain why people commit acts of violence throughRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On The Media920 Words   |  4 PagesGrowing up in the 1970’s, violence in the media, and television in general, was reserved for late prime time programming and the 11 o’clock news. With deregulation of the broadcast industry in the 1980’s, under the presidency of Ronald Reagan, violence on TV became mainstream (American television, n.d.). With more channels to watch, the advent of 24 hour news, along with more content to view, the audience as well became increasingly younger. Alongside standard television programming, cartoonsRead More The Effects of Television Violence Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Television Violence Recent attention in the media relating violence and children has created much controversy and debate. Our society has brought much focus on violence in the media and how it has effected children of all ages and races. High school shootings and increasing crime in small towns all over the country has brought forth the question of whether or not children are exposed or desensitized to too much violence in television, movies, news, and other sources. ManyRead More Children and Violence: An American Media Controversy Essay1014 Words   |  5 PagesChildren and Violence: An American Media Controversy As censorship of the American media has broken down over the years, the amount of violence allowed to be shown in movies, on television, and in video games has skyrocketed. From coast to coast in our nation, this saturation of hostility in our media has caused many contentious debates between scholars, parents, students and government officials alike. In this controversy, the central argument revolves around the effects violent media has on ourRead MoreFilm Films Of Alfred Hitchcock1372 Words   |  6 Pageswritten and produced, the relevant personnel decide which genre to adopt. Horror, science fiction and action are some of the categories for movies. In this paper, the focus lies on a 1960 Alfred Hitchcock film, Psycho where a theme comprising of violence, sex and phallic proxy will be discussed. This horror movie, which has won several awards, has continued to be listed among the best-produced films especially because of encompassing several themes. The story focuses on a secretary, Marion CraneRead MoreThe Effect of Violence in Media on Children Essay1676 Words   |  7 Pages In the book Critique of Violence ,author Walter describes Violence as The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, male development, or deprivation .The violence that is portrayed in the media has been debated for decades ,and it has rose a question about how does it influence the youth?. From movies toRead MoreMedia Violence And Crime Violence1168 Words   |  5 PagesMedia Violence and Crimes There are few debates that have been contentious for so long as the debate of whether violent medias contribute meaningfully to crimes. Because of the majority of shooting events committed by younger shooters, many politicians regard cultural effects as a potential contributing factor, while others dismiss media as a contributing factor. Within the social science community, a similar division exists (Ferguson, 2015). For example, some professional supporting groups, likeRead MoreDesensitization From Lack Of Discretion1614 Words   |  7 PagesCorruption While censorship is a topic of hot debate what’s important to remember is it shouldn’t be fueled by opinion. The risks of not paying this debate appropriate attention could be the rise of a tyrannical government, loss of freedoms such as our freedom of speech and our freedom of press, and a stronger presence of authority in our lives on the one side. On the other side our country’s moral fabric could come apart, there could be a rise in violence, and the innocence of our children is at riskRead MoreA Brief Note On Shootings Shooting And The 2012 Aurora Shooting973 Words   |  4 Pagespolitically driven issue that continues to divide law makers with passing laws. With this in mind, actors from the field of sciences have inserted themselves into the debate of gun control. With more and more research conducted in various science communities, these scientists along with advocates have begun to share their findings with media outlets in hopes of reshaping the public s perception of gun control (Bain 2012, 601). A study by the Harvard School of Public Health, conducted by David Hemenway

Supply Chain Management Ups Free Essays

string(71) " trains and aircraft that were often operated by independent entities\." SCM Transport| The Super Transport System| SCM Transport| The Super Transport System| Table of Contents Introduction * Transport * United Parcel Service Overview * Industry Impacts * Industry Overview 2009 2010 * Competition * Customers * Organisation of the System * Movement of freight * Conclusion * United Parcel Service To transport people or services in the twenty first century, the process can either be a long haul one or a short crisp and clean journey, of course depending on what exactly is being transported and where the point of origin is and the final destination. Supply Chain Management is the procedure by which this is done â€Å"†¦ moving from one location to another, safely, conveniently, and as economically as possible. Goods must be moved to a point of Distribution in order to be made available to the ultimate customer. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain Management Ups or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Lennon, SCM Transportation 2010 Transportation Transportation and logistics are crucial to our economy and society. As well as been responsible for the process of moving people and goods, the worlds transportation and logistics service is accountable for the creation of many concepts and inspiration for new technology. Transport is the means or process by which people and goods are moved from one location to customers, safely, conveniently and as economically as possible. – Logistics, The Stores, Inventory Control, Transport and Distribution Aspect. McInerney, 2000 From the invention of the first steam engine to the twenty first century fuel powered aircraft, express vessels and even transportation to outer space our economy has improved immensely with expertise and knowledge always improving in relation to transportation. Currently there is a great variation in the market for both domestic and industrial usage. Time is no longer a problem when it comes to moving from one continent to another. It only takes a matter of hours compared to the long process which once took months. Communication worldwide has benefited from these improvements and this has a knock on effect on businesses. Different communities and societies now correspond with each other, transportation is always generating relations and theses relations have a major role in our society, in development, social, regional and economic consistency in the world. From every standpoint in a business operation a well organised and competent arrangement of transportation is vital. Manufacturers, customers and finally the consumer all need a reliable efficient system in place so that they can operate from. The manufacturer entails transport in both an inbound and outbound manner. A good system in this example will result in less capital engaged in stock because supplies can be acquired faster; therefore the manufactures company at large will have a better cash flow system. Also a cheaper rate of transportation will mean the company will have a higher profit margin and their chance of succeeding will increase. To the world at arge there are many advantages of an efficient transportation system including new markets, increased standard of living, etc as well as some weaknesses such as exploiting of inferior nations and the impact on nature along with many other predicaments. Elements of an idyllic transport arrangement are determined by expenses, safety, speed, convenience, flexibility and reliability, these elements come considered when choosing a mode of transp ort. On all sides of the globe there are many different means of transportation. They comprise of the well known road, rail, air, water and the lesser known pipeline, cable and space. The selection of the most appropriate style of transportation from the manufacture to the end customer or the movement of basically anything or anybody involves these elements of the transportation arrangement. In correspondence with the transport system at large and taking all the elements of an excellent operated system the author decided to base her report on a logistics servicing company with an extensive assortment of transportation, e-commerce in addition to many business services. The company is identified as United Parcel Service (UPS) and is part of the world’s leading logistics operators. The author, in this report will focus on the corporation’s transportation system throughout the world. United Parcel Service Overview The company UPS is a well known reputable business which was established in 1907 by teenager named Jim Casey. The proposal for the company was recognised when the founder was employed by a private messaging company in Seattle, America. Whilst working there Casey recognised how the mailing services were inefficient. Little did he know that his initiative would launch the world’s largest small-package carrier company. From 1913, the business expanded and developed their potential. They no longer bound themselves to work with just mail but they introduced large packages, then motor vehicles, then deliveries for vendors and merchandisers and then the shipping of parcels. Between the late seventies and early eighties, UPS began shipping parcels worldwide. To ignore dilemmas and jeopardise relations with their customers they avoided using commercial aircraft and set up their own airline business. Currently their position is the â€Å"9th largest airline in the world†. http://www. wikinvest. om/stock/United_Parcel_Service_(UPS) UPS was first established in the American state of Washington and found themselves operating in a company that was capitalized with $100 in debt. The company spread from eastern USA to the mid-west, from Los Angeles to New York the company soon spread to all parts of the States. Beginning with their first plane in 1952 to creating their iconic logos the company that is UP S always represented stability and is a highly regarded efficient operation. UPS constantly grows each year and is always at a bid to try and improve their services. Industry Impacts The author is without doubt positive that this industry of transportation was sure to occur. Along with FedEx and some other competitors UPS commenced the operation of this industry. Constantly it is been pushed to higher grades, the next day delivery is a prime example. Previous to UPS AND FedEx the industry simply didn’t exist. The delivery of packages and documents was carried out by a haphazard system of carriers consisting of trucks, trains and aircraft that were often operated by independent entities. You read "Supply Chain Management Ups" in category "Essay examples" Neither speed nor reliability was a hallmark of this system. SRI International 2001, Global Impact of FedEx on the New Economy Industry Overview 2009 2010 Economic health is a key determinant of mail and package capacity. If the economy is not healthy, then the volume of domestic packages with in the U. S, to international packages, and onto freight and supply chain is reduced and UPS and others in their industry likewise. 2009: UPS and many other companies alike in their industry had a pessimistic outlook on their corporations mainly during the years 2008 and early 2009 because of the downturn in the world’s economy. Weaknesses lay all over the world, from Europe to Asia and American all suffered from this slowdown. It resulted in countless companies, from retailers to internet sources having a decrease in sales, and to the individuals that also availed of UPS’s services financially notable to pay for the services of USP. The demand for packages diminished. Some workplaces put up the shutters, whilst others put in place dramatic cutbacks as funds were not available for them and this directly affected UPS in 2008 and partly 2009. However because UPS had created a strong brand name, a good standing n the market and an excellent operations system in place they overcame the collapse of the worldwide market. Also the evacuation of some minor league competitors resulted in an overall enhancement for USP. From mid 2009 onwards the company reaped the rewards of profits suffered earlier in the year, the volume of packages increased. Average daily volume for next day air increased 2. 8% over 2008 levels. Ground volume demonstrated an improving trend over the previous quarters despite a 2. 9% decline in the fourth quarter compared with 2008. -http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/United_Parcel_Service_(UPS) 2010: After an improvement in 2010, UPS has progressed even further in 2010. Profits are highly cyclical as they rely on a strong American, European and Asian Market and are growing even further into the undeveloped markets. For the first quarter of 2010, revenue increased by 7% to $11. 7 billion since the previous year’s first quarter. This was mainly due to increases in yield and operating leverage. The overall increases in operating leverage were due to overall growth in all business segments, most notably the growth in the international package and supply chain business. Higher revenues were also due to increases in base pricing and higher fuel surcharges. Higher prices were possible due to the recovery from the 2008-2010 recessions. In the overall, net income increased by 37% UPS expects these increases to continue throughout the year, producing substantial revenue growth from recessionary levels. Wiki Analysis -http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/United_Parcel_Service_(UPS) Competition The UPS Corporation is a multibillion dollar enterprise with over 200,000 employees. In their industry of transportation and logistics UPS has only three chief contenders, FedEx, DHL and United States Postal Service (USPS). Between the four companies they provide equal services, however their ifferences lies in the prices, which is an apparent point of competition, but is only an issue in undeveloped markets. Also the availability of the service provider in specific locations is another distinction. Competition is rigid, but because of the vast investment devoted by each of the companies there is only a few major competitors. FedEx currently stands as UPS ’s biggest competition. They are the only treat to UPS as they could manage to outsize them in this industry. They offer the exact same services, and both operate in the same league but the scale of operation between the two rivals is different. However FedEx has the reputation for being much more expensive in relation to their products. DHL is another key contender for UPS. This company mainly operates from their base country of Germany and is involved in the traditional postal services. As well as that they offer an array of services, whether you are shipping across town country or continent. They also hold with them the title of being the world’s largest logistics provider. As of now the European market for UPS is on a rise so warms up the competition for both companies even further. United States Postal Service (USPS) is a direct competitor of UPS, however they have come together to operate a win-win situation for both companies. UPS partnered with the US Postal Service to offer UPS Mail Innovations, a program that allows UPS to pick up mail and transfers it to a USPS center, or destination delivery point (DDU), for final distribution. http://www. sooperarticles. com/business-articles/fedex-express-competitors-19758. html As well as these main competitors, UPS also battles their market share out with operators such as Canada Post, Royal Mail, Japan Post, and many other postal, cargo and courier companies. Customers Many individuals and business use UPS to send or receive vital information. The overnight service which UPS provides is popular as some fundamental transactions for business may have to be prepared or concluded. Other companies utilize the service to send apparatus and mechanical equipment which may be required instantly to keep industrial units and technology in operation. Overall there is a demand for urgent mail, packages, and freight transportation worldwide. Any transportation company will have a wide variety of customers, and UPS’s include entertainment, banking, science, construction, insurance, gambling, telecommunications, housing, legal, data processing, education, manufacturing, retail, medical and even the steel industry. For ever customer, there is a specific need, UPS addresses these needs and examine the characteristics of the product and get an understanding of the best mode of transportation for the customer and their goods, destination is too considered and the customer can undertake the application process online and decide and choose for themselves the best option for them. As UPS falls into the service industry a key issue for them is to create and maintain good customer relations, this leads onto customer loyalty with the brand of UPS, the company then can observe a growth in profits, now they can avail of the opportunity to escalate and advance and as a service industry employees must understand the importance these good relations. Just of late September 2010, UPS launched a fresh logistics television advertisement campaign. UPS wanted to show potential customers its passion for transportation and supply chains solutions, what it calls â€Å"New Logistics† and it especially wants to bring the message of growth opportunity to small business. www. social medianinfluence. com Skepys, 2010, The company wants to promote themselves even more to the world; they are ever increasing and want to work with almost everyone and every business, as in this television campaign they are reaching out to the small to medium sized businesses. Organisation of the System The author has reported extensively on the external factors which have shaped UPS accordingly. The author has now chosen to write on some of the internal aspects which form the operation of the corporation. As already shown earlier in the report UPS have numerous transportation modes which include air, surface, charter and hand carry. Many service options are available to all customers to meet their needs. The process that UPS must entail to do this naturally depends on factors about the goods. UPS has access to transport i. e. aircrafts, ships, railways and road transport all across our globe, but the consumers needs depends on which option the company feels best suits the situation at hand. As stated UPS’s website You get the benefits of our vast network of transport options, specialised equipment, proactive communication, advanced tracking and worldwide research. – www. ups. com If a customer wishes to send a package anywhere across the world with UPS, this is possible as there is no restrictions with them. Since UPS was first established over one hundred years ago technology has evolved so much that via the World Wide Web anybody can create shipments, imports, and returns. They can also calculate time and cost view charges, plan to have their shipments collected, view locations and history and all at the comfort of their own home or workplace. UPS basic principles in relation to transporting goods are * Domestic parcels which are made up of post i. e. letters and packages. These can be transported anywhere throughout the USA. * UPS deliver to over 200 counties worldwide and they categorise this sector into International Packages, any type of package is suitable to be transported. UPS operate a supply chain and freight sector, it comprises of UPS’s logistics business providers in more than 175 countries throughout the globe. The author decided first to refer to the tracking service which UPS functions. Tracking a package allows the consumer to monitor the status and location of their item. The process is quite simple to use. The process is quite simple to use. Via the internet the customer can track by tracking number, by reference and email and they can even obtain signature evidence of delivery. The system of tracking has positive effects; it means the customer will be able to have an enhanced controlled time management structure in place. Movement of Freight Road: Following tracking the author decided to focus on UPS and their movement of freight. UPS moves goods using their transport methods from their point of origin to their final destination. Depending on where the freight is destined for is related to the type of transport used, also factors such as volume, weight and purpose of the goods conveys the mode of transport used. First the author chose to write about freight travelling via land, as globally this is the most common method used. Two methods for this type of transportation can be used; the first option involves using UPS services or other logistic firms. This method is basic and it involves the logistics firm, e. g. UPS picking up the goods, and delivering them via lorry’s or vans. Throughout America and vast parts of the world, UPS is well recognised by their famous Pullman brown coloured trucks and vans. Railway: The second method of land transportation is to avail of the railway service. UPS provide this option to their customers as they believe it is lucrative and loyal preference. Railways transportation is generally used for long distance journeys for heavy goods, and it is by and large only effective for customers whom use it for them purposes. As using trains for transportation only suits a minority if the market this means more and more customers use the service of UPS road transportation as it involves less hassle, is an inexpensive method and overall is a much better approach as they are direct deliveries. However, as the author already stated the selection for which mode of transport to avail of depends on the goods themselves, e. g. iron ore would be best transported via railway in comparison to mail with more be more effective to be transported via road. Rail transportation is able to travel at higher speeds, carry a much larger capacity, have fewer delays as traffic is never an issue and they can deal with almost all weather conditions, as well as being safe and very secure. UPS provide climate controlled containers for specific goods which may be perishable e. g. ood, flowers, as well as their ordinary containers suitable for normal goods. Ships: As well as transporting via roads and railway, UPS also uses waterways and the sea to transport their customer’s goods. The mode of transportation used is ships. The goods are enclosed in containers, which are then placed safely and correctly onto ships and then moved to different locations. This method is viable for long distance journeys and has a reputation for being the cheapest form of transportation if there is a vast volume of goods been shipped. Rivers, lakes and oceans are used in this transportation. This system is logical for UPS to use as they have a wide customer base and the volume of goods to be transported is there. The only disadvantage of shipping is it is not adequate for fast movement of goods, nonetheless the movement of goods by means of waterways and the sea has many advantages and shipping is a highly competitive service industry. From the UPS website the company shows their customers how they organise this complex system: We are the experts at managing complex transportation networks, dedicated fleets, and multi-modal shipments. We can deliver orders anywhere through our global network. Our freight container shipping services can bring those parts together to make managing your supply chain simpler. * FCL Container Shipping (Full Container Load) – Our comprehensive NVOCC* services provide frequent departures at competitive rates for full container load (FCL) shipments from major ports around the world. * LCL Container Shipping (Less-Than-Container Load) – When you don’t have enough cargo for a full container, we offer less-than-container load (LCL) service between major ports worldwide. ttp://www. ups. com/content/us/en/shipping/container-shipping. html As there are two options available to customers regarding shipping this means that UPS understand their customer’s needs and have adjusted to these needs by providing both options. Airplanes: The final and successful freight transportation option that UPS offers to their customers is Air transport. This is a good method to use if t ime is of the essence and this system can be used within or between countries, basically air transportation can happen anywhere throughout the world. Air transport is known for its speed for both the movement of people and goods, but with this speed comes high costs. UPS runs all their own aircraft to all major cities worldwide and this is constantly improving as their geographic locations are expanding as well as their customer base. Air transport is limited to what type of goods it can carry. Generally its purpose is for unpreserved goods that are urgent to their final destination, e. g. edicine, documents, flowers or food rather than high capacitated and dangerous goods. Conclusion After accomplishing the task of evaluating a unique area of SCM transport with an aspect of logistics transport included the author concluded that the company United Parcel Service (UPS) is amongst one of the world’s largest and leading logistic operators. UPS is an admirable company which has excelled in over one hundred years of business and the author deems this company to glimmer in the future even more. As technology has evolved over the past, so has UPS as they constantly upgrade their services and work with their customers to meet their needs with the extensive assortment of services which they provide. In the report the author focused on some external features that influence the workings of UPS as a whole and the internal factors which shaped the company’s reputation as been the leaders of the pack in the logistics world. UPS adds much value to both domestic usage and businesses surrounding us. They make things possible for us and overall have perfected the express transportation network. THE END! Word count= 3,438 How to cite Supply Chain Management Ups, Essay examples

Ebay Vs Amazon free essay sample

Introduction Amazon and Ebay are two well-known brands of online shopping sites. They have evolved and grown from small firms to the giants of e-commerce today. In this essay, a comparison would be made between the two firms. Questioning the types of business models Amazon and Ebay’s have employed and how they have evolved over time, the driving factors of change, and finally the future outlook of each firm help distinguish the trails both firms made to become the two leaders in the market of ecommerce. They are imperative in making a comparison between the two because despite being direct competitors in the same market, Amazon and Ebay’s business models are distinctly different. Both companies have altered business strategies over time due to different reasons as well. The one similarity maybe the size of market share and growth of both companies as well as the large customer base both possesses. Addressing these issues would help analyze both firms from its inception up til this day as well as give an opportunity for propositions to be made for the firms’ future. 1. Multi-sided Platforms One common but important feature between both firms is the fact that their business models are centered around being a multi-sided platform. A â€Å"Multi-sided Platform brings together two or more distinct but interdependent groups of customers. † (Ankaruju, 2010). Typically the basic two groups would be buyers and sellers and are together to interact with minimal intervention from the intermediary, maintaining just simple affiliation with the intermediary. However, the success of a multisided platform depends on having a significant size of installed base of all sides of customers. The larger the number of buyers and sellers, the larger the value of the system as one group needs the other. This creates a â€Å"Network Effect†, which comes in forms of direct or indirect effects. Direct effects, also known as â€Å"bandwagon effect† (Leibenstein,1950 cited in Besen, n. d. ) arise when number of customers subscribing to the platform increases. Indirect network effects or â€Å"inter-network externalities†(Salehnejad, 2012) occur for one group of the platform as the number of the other groups and vice versa. When this effect snowballs, it creates a â€Å"positive feedback loop†, where an increase in number of each group only aids to increase each other’s network effect. These effects help elevate the total value of the platform. 2. 1 Amazon: History and Initial Business Model Amazon began as a bookshop opened by Jeff Bezos in 1995. It opened in Seattle to minimize tax to transactions made in its small town providing a small advantage in Amazon’s initial set up. (Krishnamurthy, 2004) Bezos’s initial vision was accredited to the fact the internet was growing at a very rapid rate and had huge potential for online retailing. He said â€Å"Real estate is the key cost of physical retailers† whereas â€Å"technology gets cheaper every year. † (Krishnamurthy, 2004) Subsequently Bezos mentioned this: â€Å"First, you can use computers to sort, search and organize. Second, you can create a super-valuable customer proposition that can only be done online, and that is selection†. (Krishnamurthy, 2004) As such scalability, mass customization and innovation formed Amazon’s initial model. Amazon’s Internet retail model put itself on a different competitive plane than its competitors. Its strategy’s strength lay in the limitless number of choices available online compared its brick and mortar counterparts; Barnes Noble and Borders carrying only â€Å"175,000 titles†. Amazon’s current sales rate of â€Å"$1. 2 billion† far exceeds B N superstores of â€Å"$5 million†. In addition, Amazon has spent a mere â€Å"$56 million on fixed assets† while B N has spent a huge $472 million on expanding its superstores, showing huge economies of scale. (Hof and Himelstein, 1999) 2. 2 Amazon: Evolution of Business Model In 1998 and 1999 Amazon started to intruduce products ranging from Music to Home improvement (Krishnamurthy, 2004). Its strategy was to â€Å"get big fast† and diversify its brand in order to dominate such a market as remaining a bookseller was too small a market. Amazon intended to benefit from cross selling on the basis that it already has a loyal installed base in place. (Krishnamurthy, 2004) Amazon also benefited from economies of scope as its basic infrastructure is already in place and highly scalable. Three building blocks complement this: Amazon’s feedback system, recommendation system and its buy/sell system. Its recommendation system accounts for 35% of Amazon’s sales as customers are more inclined to buy a product based on the strength of the reviews of other customers. It also brought repeated purchasers that account for 66% of sales. (Salehnejad, 2012) Also, Amazon has emphasized on building â€Å"several distribution centers around the world to hasten deliveries†(Hof and Himelstein, 1999). Coupled with its software it provides a â€Å"laser-like focus on the buying experience†(IT Business Edge, 2012). Such a system and service is what draws customers towards Amazon and subsequently retains them. In 1999, Amazon became a merchant platform by introducing zShop, â€Å"a new service that allows anyone to sell merchandise through its website†. (Moore, 1999) It not only creates extra revenue from the $9. 99 monthly subscription fee from sellers but also â€Å"60 cents per transaction for payments made with 1-Click, as well as 4. 75 percent of the final sale†. (Moore, 1999) The draw for small to medium business to subscribe to Amazon’s zShops would be Amazon’s huge customer base of 8 million. (Hansell, 1999) and also low start up costs to set up businesses. These firms get to take advantage of Amazon’s huge network and in turn help bring more products and traffic to Amazon without incurring huge start-up costs. (Hansell, 1999) Such reinforcing mechanisms are an example of direct network effects of using a merchant platform model. Amazon also introduced its Auction system in 1999. This placed it in direct competition with Ebay, already a very established auction house â€Å"with a market value of nearly $20billion† (Hansell, 1999). Despite its risk, Amazon intends to have a slice of that market share, hoping to bring its 8 million users on board with this. (Hansell, 1999) This would create a separate option of its usual fixed pricing as auction provides an outlet for dynamic prices not only helps capture a wider range of consumers and add traffic but also provide a way â€Å"to get the most from overstocks and returns† and provide higher â€Å"gross margins†. (Hof and Himelstein, 1999) However more importantly, it helped move Amazon into a two-sided platform. It did away with the chicken-and-egg problem having both sellers and buyers already on board its merchant platform. The incentives of this would be the positive feedback loops of indirect network effects. As sellers and buyers interact and grow, the value of one group to another grows and a by-product of this is Amazon becoming a more valuable platform to each group as well. Amazon then starts to lock in each group of its platform as switching costs become higher. (Salehnejad, 2012) It is not dissimilar to Facebook with its users and advertisers all interdependent on each other. (Salehnejad, 2012) As of now Amazon has extended its platform to consist of â€Å"customers, technology, e-commerce expertise, distribution centers, and brand†. It opened other services such as Cloud Computing, sharing its shipping services, Fulfilment, and its online sales systems to other businesses. (Jopson, 2012) This diversification allowed revenues to flow in from other places. In short, Amazon has created a whole new centralized ecosystem that is tightly controlled and is now inviting other businesses to share in its benefits and aid in its expansion. Amazon is â€Å"reinventing the way entrepreneurs can do business† and is trying to â€Å"colonise the entire infrastructure of consumption†(Jopson, 2012). It has moved from a warehouse to a â€Å"powerhouse† (Jopson, 2012) that has a huge influence on other firms. somewhat akin to a natural monopoly with natural barriers. Right now in 2012, Amazon has released its â€Å"Kindle Fire HD† in a bid to break into the market of mobile devices in order to extend its â€Å"shop† beyond the Internet and literally into the hands of consumers. It is a diversification on its business model but does not change its fundamental ecosystem where it is centralized and Amazon retains â€Å"pricing control over content† (Gans, 2012). It charges a much lower price for its Kindle as compared to Apple’s Ipad, intending to make profit out of its services and not its pruduct. 2. 3 Ebay: History and Initial business models Pierre Omidyar founded Ebay in 1995 and was built to sell antiques initially by auctions on the Internet. It was created through the motivations of geographical constraints on trading on antiques of which are rare and prices hard to determine. (Krishnamurthy, 2004) Similar to Amazon, the Internet formed an attractive place to reduce search and transaction costs of items. This model is however distinctly different from the traditional retail models such as Amazon’s. Omidyar intended it to be a â€Å"bazaar†, a place where sellers come to sell independently to buyers. (Krishnamurthy, 2004) The increased interactions created between buyers and sellers help add value to Ebay’s platform, creating indirect network effects. Ebay used a cross subsidization pricing strategy, charging only sellers (â€Å"5 percent of the sale price for items below $25, and 2. 5 percent for items more than $25†) (Krishnamurthy, 2004) and attracting buyers on the platform for free to create this two-sided platform. Ebay is also built on three main building blocks: Feedback system, Recommendation System, and its second price open (English) Auction system. (Salehnejad, 2012) Auctions to create â€Å"multilateral competition† as more than one seller bids for the item to aid in price discovery. Such a dynamic pricing strategy is different as compared to Amazon, which concentrates mainly on fixed prices. (Hof and Himelstein, 1999) Unlike Amazon, which invested heavily on physical warehouses, Ebay focused on being a pure two-sided platform, with no control on pricing and delivery. It remained a virtual intermediary between buyers and sellers (Krishnamurthy, 2004). The advantages of this are two-fold whereby it reduces and frees huge amounts of funds to â€Å"scale rapidly and move into foreign markets† (Salehnejad, 2012). Secondly, it does not sour the relationships between Ebay and its sellers as not much intervention is done such as price control or the way products are displayed. It is one of the reasons firms such as Toys R’ Us broke partnership with Amazon. (Jopsen, 2012) 2. 4 Ebay: Evolution of Business Model. Taking advantage of Ebay’s scalability, Ebay set up Ebay International, expanding its reach into the global markets to fully utilize its online features of selling antiques and extend its installed base. Having a bigger installed base in an auction market helped Ebay gain first mover advantage as well creating bigger barriers of entry and indirect network effects. (Salehnejad, 2012). This may be the reason why Yahoo and Amazon’s own auction services did not flourish as much as Ebay’s. Driven by Amazon’s introduction of its own auctions, eBay â€Å"forged a $75 million deal with America Online on March 25 199 to promote its eBay auctions on AOL†. (Krishnamurthy, 2004) With its basic infrastructure in place, Ebay expanded into other markets, becoming a multi-sided platform. Economies of scope also were realized here as much as economies of scale. In a bid to increase its services, Ebay bought PayPay for â€Å"1. 5 billion† in â€Å"July 2002† (Salehnejad, 2012). This helped increase efficiency for payments to be made. However this coupled with the fact Ebay withholding control over distribution causes a lack of control over consumer experience. This formed the difference between Amazon’s centralized ecosystem compared to Ebay’s decentralized one. (Dixon, 2012). Ebay’s model could be argued to contribute more attention towards the sellers and less towards its sellers. As far as dynamic prices is concerned, Ebay did not solely concentrate on this alone as it opened Ebay Stores in 2001 where sellers including retailers could sell their products based on fixed prices on Ebay’s site. (Salehnejad, 2012). It is a build on Ebay’s initial auction model and could be due to the fact that increased competition between other online platforms and similar products cause prices to go down as with profit margins. It also became easier to place a price on products and therefore reduces the attractiveness of auctions. (Salehnejad, 20123). Auctions are also more cumbersome and time consuming as compared to fixed pricing where Amazon’s innovation of â€Å"one click buying† further exacerbates this. Thus the need for Ebay’s extension into fixed price selling. (Hof and Himelstein, 1999) Other services that Ebay develop include Ebay Motors, Ebay Professional Service, Ebay Local Trading. However its main business model does not change as much, remaining an e-community and not just a online retail service like Amazon. ( Krishnamurthy, 2004) 3. Propositions for the future 3. 1 Ebay Ebay could expand its dominance in the future and maintain competition by breaking into the mobile app market. By spreading its services through handheld devices similar to Amazon’s Kindle Fire, it could further extend its ecosystem, adding value to its platform and attract and retain its installed base, Due to its decentralized nature of business, Ebay could put more emphasis on creating a more cohesive and efficient system between its acquisitions and its customer service as well. Being more buyer orientated would help increase customer satisfaction and increase switching costs between its competitors such as Amazon. It could create more innovative site designs and buying methods, comparable to Amazon’s â€Å"one-click buying† (Hof and Himelstein, 1999) method. More radical methods would be for Ebay to further differentiate its platform by perhaps moving into the offline markets, opening physical stores where its a â€Å"$10tn† market compared to $5bn commerce market† especially since online commerce only contributes to â€Å"5%† of total retail sales. (Dembosysky, 2012) If it could work and partner with brick and mortar retail shops, it would further extend its platform and perhaps easier distribution of its products. 3. 2 Amazon Likewise Amazon could work on moving onto the offline markets as well, investing physical stores. With its many warehouses and distribution centres in place it could take advantage of this to set up its own physical stores near the vicinity instead of just working in partnerships. It adds on to its centralized ecosystem and customer satisfaction can be ensured better, especially since Amazon prides itself on being a customer-centric firm. In addition to this, Amazon could perhaps partner with the fast growing markets of social media, creating an extra medium in which it could extend its services. If it could tap into social media platforms such as Facebook or Twitter and its vast consumer base, it could greatly extend its installed base. The internetwork effects would be huge as well as being part of a social media and Amazon would greatly add value and lock in consumers as switching costs become extremely high. This would also be a form differentiating its platform. Conclusion Both Amazon and Ebay consist of multi-sided platforms but their business models are vastly different. Despite being the giants in e-commerce, their paths are different in many ways despite being direct competitors. Amazon’s centralized ecosystem for one is distinct form Ebay’s decentralized one. As Amazon moves its attention to wards its sellers and firms, it also strives to cut into the market of mobile apps. This is compared to Ebay who has intentions on breaking into the offline markets. Although it is said that multi-sided platforms and its strategies are a â€Å"winner-takes-all† platform, both firms still retain a substantial consumer base and a share in the market. In conclusion it can be said that despites both firms growing ecosystems, it could be possible to for both firms to profit and expand further. In other words, the world of e-commerce is not a â€Å"zero-sum game† (Dembosky, 2012). Both Amazon and Ebay can be winners. References